Transcription: Left page     Hitler recently told a South African  ...  that he had no ambitions in South West or East Africa; he wanted the Cameroons back.  This involves France & Belgium & only a smallish slice of it fell to England. Not very important strategically.   As for England withdrawing more &  more from Europe,  ... the west coast & the mediterranean I only hope it would not really provoke war.  I still could not see a major war in Europe which wd not involve all except for a time the smaller fringe   Jacklyn reports on the English  contempt for the Italians as a military or naval factor & disagrees with them.  The new discipline has not yet been really tested nor the difference which the air arm my make   Poor infantry material may be first class air material.  Right page     15/06/1937 As President of the International Club I was chairman last night at a dinner of about 250 ^people in honour of Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University, & renowned American publicist on Internatl affairs.  N.M.B. is 75 but very ... : friendly to League and advocate of U.S.A. cooperation. Pleasant and sensible in private conversation and an impressive speaker. Has to be treated as a minor Royalty, & is surrounded with adulation.  It is important to note he is a chairman of the C'tee for the Carnegie Peace Foundation controlling large funds.   The stuff in his speech was not very exciting, but he sounded a note of restrained optimism.  Told me he called his C'tee mtg. for Geneva this year as a small help in times of depression.   Lunched with him & his friends at Avenol's today, acting as second host.  They included Count Carlo Sforza, Italian foreign Minister before Mussolini's advent & now living in Paris, JA Spender, Count Paul Teleki (Hungary); E. von Prittwitz und Gaffron (2nd string in the direction of the German subsidized theatres).  Unden, and others.  Spender old & weary. Some  ... Frenchmen. & Malcolm Davis the Paris Director.

Transcription: item 32   28_________________________________________________________________________________ Karrikatur s. o. Zeichnung BEACHTEN SIE BITTE , DASS DIE                  GLASNOST-DISKUSSION KATASTROPHEN IN TSCHERNOBYL UND ARMENIEN ERST NACH DER VERKÜNDIGUNG DES REFORMKURSES EINGETROFFEN SIND!    Aus "Moskow News":        Wer kennt die Opfer, nennt die Zahlen?                VON ROY MEDWEDJEW  linke Spalte   Ich würde mich nicht damit befassen, die ungeheuerliche Menge der Opfer des Stalinis- mus zu zählen - die Millionen Inhaftierten, Erschossenen, Verhungerten, in den Norden und Osten Verbannten, an Folter verendeten, in riesigen Massengräbern Bestatteten - , wenn diese grausige Statistik irgendwann veröffentlicht worden wäre. Aber eine derartige offizielle Statistik existiert  nicht und wurde, wie ich vermute, auch nie aufge- stellt. Ich aber erhalte bei jeder Diskussion zum Thema Stalinismus viele Zettel mit stets der gleichen Frage: "Wieviele Opfer des Stalinis- mus gab es insgesamt?" Also muß ich wenigstens annähernde Zahlen sammeln. Sie sind nicht so hoch wie die Daten westli- cher Forscher, und ich möchte  auch nichts übertreiben. Doch auch meine Rechnung läßt mich jedesmal erschauern. Der Anfang Die erste Welle der Massenre- pressionen rollte bereits 1927/28 nach dem Sieg Stalins über die vereinigte linke Opposition. Ihr fielen damals Zehntausende Trotzkisten und Sinowjew-Anhänger, die in entfernte Landesgegenden verbannt, in politische Zuchthäuser gesteckt, aus der Partei ausgeschlossen und vom  mittlere Spalte   Arbeitsplatz vertrieben wurden, zum Opfer. (Fast alle kehrten zwischen 1930 und 1933 nach einer demütigenden Prozedur der "Reue" und des "Treueids auf Stalin" wieder in ihren Beruf zurück. Ein Jahr später gingen diesen Weg auch Zehntausende "rechte Abweich- ler". 1936/37 jedoch wurden alle diese Personen erneut festenommen und sahen nun ihre Angehörigen niemals wieder. Die ehemaligen  Oppositionellen (oder sogar ehemaligen Studenten und Komsomolmitglieder, die sie in den 20er Jahren unterstützen) wurden größtenteils auf geheimen Sonderbefehl in den Jahren 1938/39 erschossen. Nur ein paar hundert Häftlinge dieser Kategorie erlebten ihre Rehabilitierung in der Zeit von 1954 bis 1957.      Schon auf dem Höhepunkt der Bekämpfung von Trotzkisten und  Sinowjew-anhängern starteten die Stalinisten neue, ebenfalls mit Massenre- pressionen gepaarte politische Feldzüge. In verschiedenen Unions- und autonomen Republi- ken setzte die Hatz auf "bürgerliche Nationalisten" ein. Nach dem "Fall Schach- tinsk" (1928) verhärtete sich die politische Unterdrük- kungskampagne gegen die "Schädlinge" unter den "bürgerlichen Spezialisten".  rechte Spalte   Alle Gefängnisse und Zucht- häuser waren in diesen Jahren (1930/31) überfüllt mit Vertretern der technischen Intelligenz sowie Geistes- schaffenden, mit bisher der Verbannung entgangenen Sozialrevolutionären und Menschewiki. Die Gesamtzahl dieser Opfer des Stalinismus belief sich auf Zehntausende.      In den ländlichen Gebieten kam es nach dem provozierten Fall der "Partei der werktä- tigen Bauern" (russ. TKP- Red. "Moskow News"), dem hervorragende Agrarfachleute zum Opfer fielen, zu Massen- repressionen von Agronomen, Viehzüchtern, Mitarbeitern von Genossenschaftsverwaltun- gen und allen ländlichen Intellektuellen. In der Presse hieß es Anfang der 30er Jahre, daß rund 200.000 Mitglieder der TKP verhaftet worden waren.      Von den Repressionen Ende der 20er Jahre gegen aktive Oppositionelle waren Zehntau- sende Personen betroffen. Die Zahl der verhafteten und größtenteils in der Haft umgekommenen "Schädlinge", TKP-Mitglieder, "bürgerliche Nationalisten" und dann auch der NÖPmen (russ. Bezeichnung für Privateigentümer unter der Neuen Ökonomischen Politik Lenins - Red. "Moskow News") ging bereits in die

Transcription: Rechte Seite  Bamberg 3.VIII. 16 Fritz Frühwald Infanterist Garnisonslazarett Baracke 1. 5. Inf. Rgt. 1. Ers. Batt. Rekruten Depot 1    Stempel  Bamberg 3. 8. 16.  8-9 V  An Fräulein Marg. Frühwald Gutsbesitzerstochter in Wüstenfelden Post Castell.         Utf.  .Linke Seite   Liebe Schwester! Liege seit gestern im Lazarett.  2 Tage lag ich im Revier, hatte der ersten Zeit recht  Schmerzen, geht noch nicht viel besser, das Auge sieht ganz rot. Kann es nicht viel aufmachen, wirst wohl an mei- ner Schrift sehen. Jetzt haben  wir das 3. Kriegsjahr gottlob angefangen, er wird schon helfen daß es noch ein Jahr dauert. Es grüßt Dich Dein Bruder Fritz.

Transcription: I had received immense help in my endeavor to track down this Unknown Soldier. One source on the 'Great War Forum' website submitted a partial list of personnel that seerved in the 40th battery:       Shoeing Smith George Henry Beardmore 49286       Gunner Harry Bloor 70835       Saddler Staff Sergeant Thomas J Boyton 19980       Sergeant Percy Bramwell 33916 killed in action       Driver William Britain 73069       Lieutenant D J Handford       Driver George Hillyard 73070

Transcription: item 81    linke Seite   wurde der Zug einer östl. Armee, der 8., zugeteilt. Da habe ich auch Ost=u West= preußen u kleine Stücke des angren= zenden Russisch-Polens gesehen. Der Winter war hier im Osten recht strenge einen Frühling gabs fast garnicht; Wenn jetzt die Sonne scheint ists gleich sehr heiß. - In Königsberg oder Danzig müssen wir nach jeder Reise Rast machen, um sämtliche Wagen des Zuges desin- fizieren zu lassen. Während dieser Zeit haben wir garnichts zu tun. Ich bin dann nachmittags viel an der Ostsee, die von hier aus in 20 Minuten zu erreichen  ist. Der Dienst im Zuge wäre schön u be= friedigend, wenn wir mehr zu tun hätten. Die Pausen, während welcher wir zur Untä= tigkeit gezwungen sind, lassen mich immer wieder heftig den Wunsch empfinden, vom Zuge zur Front abkommandiert zu werden. -  Und nun Gott befohlen, lieber Helmuth! Empfiehl mich bitte Deiner sehr verehrten Frau Mutter. Sei herzlichst gegrüßt von Deinem mit Dir fühlenden            treuen Wilhelm      ...    rechte Seite   z. Z. Danzig, d. 27.4.15. Mein lieber Helmuth Schellenberg!       Die letzten Alkademischen Blätter brachten mir die Kunde, daß  Dein lieber Bruder Otto fürs Vater- land gefallen ist. Die Nachricht ist mir sehr nahe gegangen. Ich weiß, wie innig Du mit Deinem Bruder verbunden warst u wie herzlich u treu Du ihn liebtest. Wie herb Dein Schmerz um den Verlust Deines Bruders ist, kann ich Dir nachfühlen. Ich habe ihn ob seiner großen Freundlichkeit, die einem aus seinen hellen Augen stets entgegenleuchtete, sehr liebgewonnen

Transcription: item 3   Mein liebes süßes      Lottchen ! Muß doch auch wohl an mein liebes Kind denken und an ihr ein  paar Zeilen  richten. Hoffentlich bist Du  ...     ... gesund und munter. Und ob Du  ...   Deiner lieben ...  auch artig bist.

Transcription: item 30    linke Seite   kugeln!! Der erste der fiel war unser Komp.Chef, der zweite ein Wagner von Feldkirchen; beide schon verwundet im Oberschenkel. Aber raus gings u. - Seitengewehr aufgepflanzt - vorwärts da pfiffen & schwirrten & sausten u. zischten die Inf.Geschosse derartig daß man glauben mochte, es wäre gar nicht möglich, nicht ge- troffen zu werden. Links fiel der Kamerad rechts der Freund, aber es ging vorwärts. Über tiefe feindl. Schützengräben, über Äcker & Felder Da, wir liegen eben in einem Straßengra-  c ben, bekommen wir ein furchtbares Feuer von hinten. Ein Trupp von ca 20 Mann kam auf uns zu. Lange wußten wir nicht, war´s Freund, war´s Feind. Sobald wir aber die Gewiß heit hatten, daß es Engländer waren dauerte es nur ein paar Minuten & weg waren Sie vom Erdboden. ---- Es war ein schauerliches Bild: rechts brannten die Kirche von Wytschaete links die Häuser von Oosttaverne. Das Zwi- schengelände zerrissen & durchfurcht von  rechte Seite   feindl. Schützengräben durchsetzt von Hecken Zäu- nen & Gräben u. wir gingen vor ohne Zusammen hang, ohne Verbindung, weder nach links, nach rechts noch nach hinten. Und wie die Kugeln pfiffen!!! Wir lagen hinter einem hohen d  Rain & waren somit wenigstens gegen Feuer von vorne ein, wenig gedeckt, rechts vor uns ein dichtes Gestrüpp das uns sehr zweifelhaft vorkam, u. von allen Seiten ein Feuer erster Güte. Und nun begann der eigentliche Sturm auf die Gräben. Freilich der Halbzug bei dem ich mich befand hatte die rechte Sei- tendeckung u. somit kamen wir  nicht ins Handge- menge, aber doch, es war grauenvoll. Inmitten der langen Augenblicke - nein Stunden sah ich ein Bild, so schrecklich, daß ich es lieber für einen wüsten Traum halten möchte,so furchtbar,daß ich es  zeitlebens nicht vergesse: links vor uns flammt plötzlich ein brennender Strohhaufen aus u. da - ein wüster Lärm, ich nehme schnell das Glas auf - ein Teil der unseren stürmt

Transcription: From: Savvas Michael N.728 Prisoners of War Ras-El-                                       CARTE POSTALE Alexandria Ras-El-/20/12/16 Correspondance                                                                                  Adresse   Αγαπητέ αδελφέ                                                                             Mr Επί τη αφίξει των προσεχών εορτών σου εύχομαι έτη πολλά                                            Panagoti S. Michaelide κ ευτυχή . Ο αδελφός σου                                                                       Kyrinia                                                                                                                          Cyprus

Transcription: A flock of 7 green-winged teal were seen here and 5 shot but no geese or other ducks were seen. White herons and white winged bitterns were common. No  tupias or squirrelse have been seen. At midday the weather is really hot at midday and the sun disagreeably so. Many porters bearing long bundles of sugar cane have been met going toward Yung-Chang. The cane is sold for eating raw. Where it is grown it is made into brown sugar and a  clear  sort of gin called wine by the Chinese. I have just discovered that what I thought was a tru cactus is really a Euphorbia of the  caddabra  sort. In cutting a stem a milky juice flowed forth. This is the plant which has a few spatulate yellow fleshy leaves at the apex of the thorny, ribbed stems. At some of the villages on the

Transcription: 170. halten aus. Die Zahl der Bürger in die sem Dorfe ist beschränkt es waren 180, das Bürgerrecht, mitsamt den obigen Nutzniessungen bekommt selbst der Sohn eines Bürgers erst, wenn der Vater gestorben ist, und sonst ein Platz freigeworden ist. Eine andere, allerdings üble Folge dieser Verhältnisse ist die, dass ein Fremder nur sehr schwer Fuss fassen kann. Die Dörfler heiraten alle untereinander, die Folge ist die, wie mir versichert wurde, dass das halbe Dorf schwindsüchtig sei. In anderen, ärmeren Dörfern soll es ähnlich, wenn auch nicht so schlimm sein. Gegen Abend sah ich endlich die Fläche des langersehnten Sees vor mir liegen, Noch ein Stündchen weiter bis nach Oringen  Owingen   machte ich Rast. Abendessen: Limonade, Brot, Bett leidlich. 0,40 Mark. Nächsten Morgen gings frisch und fröhlich nach Ueberlingen, an den ersehnten Bodensee. Ueberlingen ist ein romantisches, altes Städtchen, noch mit Wall und Graben und dicken Mauern umgeben, und mit alten, anheimelnd dreckigen Strassen. Von da gings immer den Bodensee entlang, teils auf dem Grenzpfad d dicht am See, auf dem die Grenzwächter hergehen, teils auf der Chaussee am Ufer entlang. Es ist ein äusserst fruchtbares Land, Wein, Obst und Hopfen. Am See entlang zieht sich ein weiter Streifen von Obstbäumen, darunter schönes, hohes Gras. Man sieht deutlich, was vor langer Zeit Städte und was Dörfer waren, Marsburg ähnlich wie Ueberlingen, mit alten Häusern, hochragendem Schloss auf steilem Felsen über dem See. Abends blieb ich in Fischbach bei Friedrichshafen, Abendessen Brot, Bier, Bett gut. 0,60 Mark. Nächsten Morgen grauer Himmel, wenn auch kein Regen, dunstig, und heute sollte es in die Berge gehen. Nun zunächst nach Friedrichshafen, höchst feudaler Kurort berühmt wegen der Aussicht auf die Alpen, ich habe natürlich

Transcription: LAST  LETTER HOME BY PADDY 6th  Middr.  Battn. Southhill Barracks Chatham 29/1/16   Dear Leo   Am I not a lazy bounder for not writing to you oftener. Do you know I've just realized that I forgot to write and wish you a happy birthday. Next time I forget you write and tell me. Now what would you like me to give you for a present, you see I can't judge for myself as I have nearly forgotten what size you are. Perhaps Aunt Maria or May can suggest something.   Well old boy, hope Alfy and self had a good holiday in Darragh. Did you have any hunting? Now that you are back at School I hope you are both good boys, and I shall expect to see some nice work from both of you when I go home. Alfy is very good, of course he is older than you but Leo you try to beat him. What  room (Which) are

Transcription: you in now? You know Leo, you will be leaving school shortly, so make the best of the last few years. Learn all the subjects you can including Latin.   What do you do in the afternoons? Now that I've left I don't suppose you play soldiers so often. When you write next tell me about all the boys: Mossy, Joe Bogue, Healys etc.  Do you still  serve in  at St. Joseph's? I hope you pray for Frank and me. I don't know when I shall get some more leave, but most probably before Summer. We are very busy now with "Derby Recruits". Do you know who they are?   I must close, give my love to all at home and tell Alfy I'll write to him soon. Don't forget to answer this as soon as poss. Good-bye                                                     Your Loving Brother           Paddy.

Transcription: DURING A recent visit to Frankfurt, I attended a performance of an American musical at the opera house. To my left sat a group of women of whose profession there could be no doubt. They spoke in broken German among themselves. A respectable-looking person, with a respectable-looking wife on his arm, walked by, and some of the girls greeted him cheerfully in Hebrew: "Shalom, Gaby!" A non-Jewish friend told me the gollowing morning: "He's well known in Frankfurt."   Well, there is nothing new under the sun, Jewish prostitutes, pimps and procurers were to be found in their thousands in the period 1870-1939, from Buenos Aires to North America, throughout Europe, the Ottoman Rmpire, South Africa, mozambique, India, and in Shanghai and Vladivostok.   Where there was a demand there was a supply, and Jews played a major role in this trade, even though it was the French who were predominant. Economic and social dislocation of the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe - especially Galicia and Bikovina - were largely respoinsible for this very unJewish phenomenon. Some of the types involved seemed highly respectable, and often married innocent, pretty girls with their parents' blessing, then went abroad with them, and sold them to brotherls. Some recalled the worst anti-Semitic cartoons. Many women were duped, others knew exactly what they were doing. Some thought they knew what they were doing, others actually managed to put some money away, and end their lives in decent circumstances.   In Argentina they were called "the unclean" = hatme'om - anf there, as in many other places, they were excommunicated by the official kehilot and established their own communities, including synagogues (yes, many of the prostitutes were religious!) and cemeteries. They established mutual benefit societies, for instance the notorious Zwi Magdal, which existed until 1930.   Apart from ostracizing their co-religionists involved in prostitution and the white slave trafic (as international prostitution was termed) various efforts were made by Jewish communities throughout the world to do something about them. There were attempts to inctercept them at railway sttions and ports through which the procurers passed with their innocent and not-so-innocent women. Well-meaning men and women tried to save these lost souls, many of whom did not want to be saved. There were homes for destiture girls; there were non-Jewish groups and organizations active in fighting the white slave traffic. Women like Bertha Papenheim, the German Jewish feminist, worked away tirelessly, though with only marginal results. Jewish communities were ambialent in their attitude. They suspected that if they gought the traffic they would only publicize it, and provide support for anti-Semites looking for facts to bolster theur representtion of the Jew. Yet to do nothing was unthinkable. Many believed that, through cooperating with the goyim, they would demonstrate that Jewish prostitution and participation in the white slave traffic were a marginal deviation, condemned as such by the majority of Jews. YET LITTLE could be done when governments were corrupt, and prostituion was encouraged as "opium for the masses." In some states it was a hopeless struggle to get laws, if such existed, enforced. It was easier to act where the rule of law prevailed. In the final resort, it was World War II and the Holocaust, which really put an end to this phenomenon.   It is a chapter in Jewish history which is not widely known, so Edward J. Bristow's book breaks new ground. Moreover, it is so detailed, and so profounf, that it may prove definitive.   The book's title might lead one to believe that Bristow is primarily concerned with the Jewish fight against prostitution and the white slave traffic rather than with the phenomena themselves. It may be this title was chosen to conform with the general tone of the book, which eschews sensationalism, and is serious and informative.   Some of the details he provides make up a very himan picture. Prostitutes, for instance, send money back to their families from brothers in many remote places. Other details are shocking. For example, in 1923 Buewnos Aires passed an ordinance limiting brotherls to one inmate each. One reaction of the pimps, who would otherwise been ruined, was th "inclease the intensity of work, expecially by encouraging oral sex, which was saif to enable one girl to handle 300 customers a week." THE AUTHOR hadn't intended to write this book. He had run across some of its material while researching a book on the history of social purity movements in britain. He then began further research in many parts of the world.   In his foreword, he explains whu he decided to began this demanding and unpleasant research. Its subject constitutes an aspect of Jewish history which needs to be understoof, because it both reflected, and contributed to, a particular state of affairs. It was a widespread phenomenon whose existence was not denied in contemporary Yiddish literature and theatre. Wy did white slavery flourish? Who were involved in it, and how?   Bristow deploys all his abilities in answering these questions. THE SUBJECT was quite new to me. I did know about the "unclean" ones in Argentina, and I was unaware of an exuberant Jewish underworld. But the ramifications of this subject were unknown to me and, as I have discovered, to many of my associates, even to those working in contemporary Jewish history. The queasy reactions of various persons with whom I have discussed this book demonstrates both the intolerant awkardness of this subject, and their ignorance of the fact that Jewish prostituion and the white slave traffic flourished not so very long ago.   We are now in a period wheere we glorify the vanished East European Diaspora, and everything associated with it. Perhaps Bristow's book is important because it reminds us that not all was well with the Jewish people before the Holocaust. However, we must not exaggerate the phenomenon of white slavery for only a fraction of a percent of the Jewish people was involved. Yet Gaby an his Jewish/Israeli prostitutes in Frankfurt are living prood of the fact that it is still with us though, for the sake of the girls, I hope that 300 tricks a week are no longer the norm. Death of a family LAST WALTZ IN VIENNA by George Clare. London, Pan Books in association with Macmillan, 274 pp. £1.95. Nissim Rejwan AS ITS subtitle indicates, this is an account of "the destruction of a family, 1842-1942." George Klaar was 17, at the time of the Anschluss in February 1938, when Austria became part of the Third Reich. He was then living in Vienna with his prosperous family. Four years later, Baldur von Schirach cabled Hitler: "My Fuhrer, I joyously report that Vienna has been cleansed of all Jews/" In the course of this cleansing operation George's family was completely destroyed. He himself survived because he had the good fortune to escape to neutral Eire in time. Now, some forty years later, he has set out to tell the story of the hundred years in which the Klaar family lived, worked and prospered in Austria.   But this is far more than a family history. It incorporated valuable historical material, some solid, some more impressionistic, all of it eminenty readable. Autobiographical passages about parents, grandparents and great-grandparents and great-grandparents, are skilfully inset in the lost world of the Habsburgs.   The history, of course, is often not very orthodox. "Between the Galician Jews and the Poles," Clare observes, "there was a relationship, based not on love but on hatred - but none the less a relationship. Between the Turks and the Jews of the Bukovina there was no relationship whatsoever. The Austrian troops moving into the province were welcomed as liberators by the entire population, including the Jews, while to the Poles of Galicia the Austrians were an army of occupation. It is not surprising, then, that the process of Germanization, the identification with the language and culture of the liberators was immediate with the Bukovina Jews, and the contact direct."   In Galicia, on the other hand, Polish aristocrats remained the masters of their Jews. They inerposed their own culture between the Jews and the Austrians, and made it a much slower process for even those Jews turning from Orthodoxy to adapt to German or Austrian culture. According to Clare, these historical and cultural factors combines to creat "a unique phenomenon in European Jewish history" - namely an enclave of Westernized Jews in the mot Eastern of the Imperial provinces, "an oasis of Western culture with the Jews both carriers and devotees of the Austro-German language, its art and literature."   But Clare is at his best when he blends the personal with the general. "My great-grandmother's clothes reflect the period. Her straight hair undera little bonnet is parted in the centre and looks natural. She apparently did not wear the traditional wig og the orthodox women. Although both the Klaars and the Schapiras were Jewish and belonged to the same social level, the marriage between Ernst and Stella untied two different strands of Austrian Jewry. The Klaars were Austrians of the Jewish Faith, while the Schapiras were Jews who lived in Austria...Although both my great-grandfathers appeared to come from the same regions of the Monarchy, their ancestors were subject to different historical experiences."   The essence of this difference lay in the fact that one great-grandfather came from Galicia, where the Jews were Polanized and wore the caftan. However, because they were treated as outcasts by their Polish hosts, they isloated themselves in their physical and intellectual ghettos. The other great-hrandfather came from Bukovina, where the Turks were more cruel but also much more indolent masters than the Poles, and did not defferentiate between Jewish and non-Jewish subjects. "The Bukovina Jews did not wear clothing that made them look different from other people. They wore the colourful Moldovian costume, did not grow their sidelocks, were much more worldly and better educated in a secular sense that their bretheren in Galicia." CLARE IS ALWAYS interesting and illuminating but occasionally he is not careful enough. He devotes a sections of his book to the problem of the Jew in late 19th century European socity. Unlike his predecessors ot his contemporaries further east, this style of Jew had lost any kind of strong religious conviction with its concomitant belief in a dicinely ordained future.   He illustrates his point with thress secularized Jews, all Austrian: Karl Kraus, Moritz Benedikt and Theodor Herzl. Of the three, Herzl was the one assimiated and influential Jew to make Zionism his life's mission. But even e is not spred:   "Herzl's driving force [Clare writes] was not only pure love for the Jewish millions who lived in misery. His personal canity, his failure as a dramatist, a strong feeling that he was special, different, chosen, all these played their part in is fight for recognition as the one and only leader, as the prince, the king of the Jews. A certain temperamental instability made him at times even favour proposals and idead which nothing short of ridiculous..."   George Clare has written a rare piece of personal and family history which tells us more, much more than the story of the Klaar and Schapira families. A whole epoch in European Jewish history - and in the histories of Europe and of the Jews considered separately - is summed up here. Württemberg _______________________________________________ SIGNS OF LIFE: Jews from Württemberg  edited by Walter Strauss. New York, Ktav Publishing House. 389 pp. $25.00 _______________________________________________ WE NOW have an unpretentious book about the Holocaust, a tender volume mercifully bereft of grandiose theories, of endless, numbing statistics, of searing, or transcendental language, trying to communicate that which cannot be communicated.   Signs of Life: Jews from Württemberg - Reports from the Period after 1933 in Letters and Descriptions is a collection of short biographies of Jews born in the district of Württemberg, Germany, who either managed to emigrate in the 1930s or survived the Holocaust.   That is all - real people, life histories, each succintly told in its own way no overarching concept forcing the data into one mold or another. Some forgive, some hate, some forget.   Some are communists in Israel, others chocolate manufactures in Brazil, or retirees in the United States.    This material is unedited (except for grammar); some entries are long, some short, some profund, some superficial, with all shades in between. This is the kind of real raw material out of which the history of the Holocaust will shades in between. This is the kind of real raw material out of which the history of the Holocaust will be written. Hillel Goldberg FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1983 THE JERUSALEM POST MAGAZINE PAGE ELEVEN

Transcription: DIE MATRIKEL  DER UNIVERSITÄT HEIDELBERG HERAUSGEGEBEN MIT UNTERSTÜTZUNG DES GROSSHERZOGLICH BADISCHEN  MINISTERIUMS DES KULTUS UND UNTERRICHTS SIEBENTER TEIL ENTHALTEND DIE REGISTER ZU TEIL IV BIS VI 1704 - 1870 I. PERSONENREGISTER.  II. ORTSREGISTER  III. SACHREGISTER BEARBEITET  VON PAUL HINTZELMANN HEIDELBERG CARL WINTER'S UNIVERSITÄTSBUCHHANDLUNG 1916 Verlags-Nr. 1321

Transcription: This Crucifix came from a house in ROSIERES,SOMME,France, in the British retirement of March 1918. My Division (24th) were then holding the line at CHAULNES, after retreating from the CAMBRIA-ST. QUENTIN sector in the 21st of March. We were fighting on the retreat right through, in action all the time. After crossing the Somme River, we came through MACELEPOTTE, CHAULNES, (where we held them up for a while, with heavy losses) LIHONS, ROSIERES, CAIX, CAIXEAU, DEMUIN, MORIEUL. On the night of the evacuation of Chaulnes, the remainder of the civilians were leaving Rosiers. As we passed through Rosieres, the Germans were bombarding the town heavily. A shell went through a house, and wrecked the back portion of the building. I, and a friend went into the house to see if anybody was there. Upstairs, where the shell entered, everything was in ruins, and on one side a portion of the wallwas still standing; on this part of the wall hung the crucifix, just chipped, as you see it now. I have seen this sort of thing so many times, builings an churches wrecked, but crucifixes and figures of Christ untouched, (we regard it as an omen) that I brought it along with me as a souvenir. It's value lies in all that it stands for, and not in its actual worth. Sergt. W.H.C. Strickland late attached 74th Field. AMB.

Transcription: Liebe Monika, lieber Jürgen ! Viele liebe Grüße senden Euch vieren Bernd, Martina und die Jung's. Vielen Dank für den Brief und das Paket. Wir waren freudig überrascht als der Brief kam. 14 Tage später kam das Riesenpaket. Die Taschen gefallen mir sehr gut. Ich führe sie abwechselnd aus. Da braucht Bernd zu Weihnachten keine für mich zu kaufen, so eine schicke Tasche wie die weinrote bekäme er ohnehin nicht im Laden. Ich hatte ordentlich zu tun mit dem Anprobieren der Sachen. Kannst Dir nicht vorstellen wie ich mich freute, daß alle Pullover bzw. Blusen paßten. Bei Bernd sah das leider ganz anders aus. Das Einzige was gepaßt hat war das bläuliche Hemd mit Streifen. Sehr leid getan hat es mir um die Hosen. Ich habe eine Kollegin die so zart ist wie Du, die hat sie mir abgekauft. Für den Erlös werde ich versuchen, daß ich eine Thermohose bekomme. Mit 260,-M muß ich rechnen - es ist Wahnsinn bei unseren Gehältern. Ich freue mich auf die warme Jahreszeit, wenn ich die T-Shirts u.  Blusen anziehen kann. Moni iß mal ein paar Schnitten mehr, damit Du wächst und mir Deine Sachen besser passen ! Bis jetzt will einfach noch keine Weihnachtsstimmung aufkommen. Ihr macht Euch keinen Begriff von der Lauferei und vom Schlangestehen wegen dem Fest. Man weiß nicht was man schenken soll weil es auch nichts gibt oder es sind so gepfef- ferte Preise das man die Finger davon läßt.