Transcription: Sêneca sobre questões naturais Nós, Ludovico (Ludwig), pela graça de Deus, Bispo de Basileia, tornamos público, a todos que virem ou ouvirem este documento, que, em virtude da boa vontade que nutrimos para com nossos amados mestres e cônegos capitulares de nossa igreja em Basileia, chegamos a um acordo amigável com eles a respeito de todas as questões, demandas e disputas que existiam entre nós e eles até este dia, data em que esta carta foi emitida de forma selada e definitiva. E para que este amor e paz se mantenham firmes a partir de hoje, aceitamos e acolhemos livremente os termos aqui estabelecidos em nossa capela e perante nosso conselho, ordenando e jurando que todos os nossos oficiais, juízes e vassalos cumpram e façam cumprir este acordo em todos os seus aspectos legais. Reconhecemos e confirmamos os referidos mestres canônicos capitulares em suas funções, direitos e posses que legitimamente detêm por nossa vontade e concessão, sendo este documento testemunho e prova da referida aliança pública e de que a resolução acima mencionada foi selada de boa-fé. Em testemunho da veracidade de tudo isso, ordenamos que esta carta aberta fosse aprovada, selada com o nosso selo episcopal. Dada em Basileia, no ano de Nosso Senhor de mil trezentos e oitenta, na véspera do dia de São Mateus [20 de setembro], à décima segunda hora. Even if the poems of all poets always illuminate your bosom, I have pondered much on this little work and have finally taken care to direct it to you for your misfortunes, which not only we, but posterity will praise. Where, then, do we begin first? If it seems good to you, from death: from the last, you say, from the greatest. For this, especially, the human mind must be prepared. And not without merit does it seem to do this to itself. Other fears have some harbor; death cuts everything off, other things torment us: death devours everything. Everything we dread looks toward this end, some through circuits. Many who judge themselves to fear something else, fear this. Whatever else we dread has either a remedy or a solace. Thus, therefore, shape yourself, so that if anyone openly threatens you with death, you may escape all terrors. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: This is human nature, it is not a punishment: I entered this condition of life with the purpose of leaving it. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: It is the law of nations: to return what you have received. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: Life is a pilgrimage; when you have walked much, you must return. I thought you were going to say something new. Nature set this end for those who are born. What do I have to be indignant about? It was under these words that I made my oath. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: It is foolish to fear what you cannot avoid. He who merely postponed did not escape it. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: Neither the first nor the last; all preceded me, many will follow me. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: This is the end of human duty. Who in their right mind treated the tax collector poorly? [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: What of it? I know that I am a rational and mortal animal. [FEAR]: You will die. [REASON]: All things were created under this condition: what began, also ends. You will die. [FEAR]: But you will be beheaded. [REASON]: What does it matter whether I die by cutting or by piercing? [FEAR]: But you will die many times, and many swords will converge against you. [REASON]: What does it matter how numerous they are? There cannot be more than one that is mortal. [On death in a foreign land] [FEAR]: You will die in a foreign land. [REASON]: From anywhere, the path to the underworld is the same. [FEAR]: You will die away from your land. [REASON]: I am ready to pay what I owe; the creditor will see where to call upon me. [FEAR]: You will die in a foreign land. [REASON]: No land is foreign to a dead person. No more abroad than at home. [FEAR]: But you will die young. [REASON]: It is best to die before you wish to die. [FEAR]: You will die young. [REASON]: This is the only thing that belongs equally to the young and to the old. We are not summoned by the census, nor is a number of years required: the same necessity of fate leads both adolescents and minors. It is best to die when it still pleases to live. [FEAR]: You will die young. [REASON]: It does not matter how many years you live, but what I received. If I cannot live any longer, this is already my old age. [FEAR]: You will lie unburied. [REASON]: What else answers this but that Virgilian line: "easy is the loss of the tomb." If I feel nothing, the penalty of an unburied man does not concern me. If I feel, every burial is a torment. What does it matter whether fire consumes me, or a beast, or time, which is the ultimate burial of all? For one who feels nothing, this is nothing. [FEAR]: You will lie unburied. [REASON]: Whether burned, whether buried, whether enclosed, whether decayed, whether eviscerated.

Transcription: przepustki, które im dość chętnie wydają. –    Opowiadają dziś że dent niemiecki żądał od ks. Administratora Michalkiewicza ustąpienia mu katedry dla odprawiania nabożeństw luter skich, ale spotkał się ze sta nowczą odmową, jako że na to nie pozwala prawo kanoniczne. –                  20 Września (3 paźdz) Niedziela  W mieście krążą najsprzeczniejsze plotki i opowiadania o rzekomem niepowodzeniu Niemców. Jedni opowiadają, że Rosjanie odebrali Święciany i, inni, że Smorgonie. Faktem jest że toczą się zacięte walki, bo v codziennie ciągną  ulicami Wilna długiem sznurami jednokonne furmanki chłopskie, każda z 2 rannymi. Niemcy jednak

Transcription: zapasów żywności. Z Wilna uciekali dowodzący, oficerowie, żoł nierze w panicznym strachu. W dzień śmierci Toli rano przy jechał szwagier Alojzy Brzozow ski prezydent m. Kowna. Udało mu się pieszo, a potem na jakimś konikuwydostać się z bombar dowanego  miasta. Opowiadał że była to spokojna noc, gdy setki bomb i granatów na ulicach i dziedzińcach siejąc śmierć i spustoszenie. Zaraz po ewakuacji Brzozowski wyjechał do , która bawi po powrocie z zagranicy w Moskwie. -   - Dla wszystkich już  roz   grzeszeniem  się stało że Wilno dostanie się w ręce niemieckie to też wywożą z Wilna do Rosji.

Transcription: Dowodzący wojskami za- strzegł zarządowi  aby nie  rustowań ponieważ będą one potrzebne gdy Rosjanie wrócą do Wilna po zwyciężeniu Niemców Właśnie w dniu śmierci mojej żony d. 3 (16) sierpnia padło Kowno. Gdy rozpoczęło się straszliwe bombardowanie Komendant pierwszy uciekł aż do Żyżmor i tam  na majątku ... Strumiły został aresztowany. Niemcy sami dziwili się iż im tak łatwo przyszło zdobycie Kow na, gdyż było to pierwszorzędnie strzeżone, prawie nie zdobyta. w ręce ich wpadła  moc amunicji, pocisków, armat,

Description: The fourth book. Hyacinths, Magseeds. Mohe. Stuffed Mahen (hyacinth, poppy, poppy, garden poppy) Sheet 368 verso/369 recto from: L 'Obel, Mattioli, Pietro Andrea; Camerarius, Joachim [editor]: creutterbook desz... Petri Andreae Matthioli - [Now remorseful with lots of beautiful new figures... gemehret and verfertiget... by Ioachimum Camerarium...]. Franckfort a M.: Feyer: für Fischer und Dacken, 1590. Dresden: SLUB Botan.210 || || in color, quer || Das vierdte Buch. Hyazinthen, Magsamen. Mohe. Gefüllter Mahen (Hyazinthen, Mohn, Mohnsamen, Gartenmohn) Blatt 368 verso/369 recto aus: L'Obel, Mattioli, Pietro Andrea ; Camerarius, Joachim Herausgeber: Kreutterbuch desz ... Petri Andreae Matthioli - Jetzt widerumb mit viel schönen neuwen Figuren ... gemehret und verfertiget ... durch Ioachimum Camerarium .... . Franckfort a. M.: Feyerabend für Fischer und Dacken, 1590. Dresden: SLUB Botan.210

Description: Lettering: Microscopic objects. ; A Bell prin. Wal. Sculptor fecit.

Description: This manuscript, written in a 13th century textura, was the property of the cleric and historian Dietrich von Niem (1340-1418), who provided it with numerous marginal notes. The volume, which was passed on to the Carthusian Monastery of Basel, contains, among others, Seneca’s Naturales quaestiones, the discussion Cur deus homo? by Anselm of Canterbury, and the astrological work De radiis stellarum by the Arab philosopher and scientist Alkindi. It also contains the article De probatione virginitatis beatae Mariae from the so-called Suda, a Byzantine encyclopedia widely used in the Latin translation by Roberto Grosseteste.

Description: This postcard was sent to my great-grand-mother, aunt of the sender. Interesting to see that the authorities have allowed the added Christmas greeting in contravention of the instructions. || British Field postcard

Description: This document contains part of the work "De remediis fortuitorum" by Pseudo-Seneca. The original text features the typical abbreviations found in manuscripts from the Gothic period.

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