Transcription: W. Churchill to P. Boncour, in a private letter—   "Nous avons en la choix entre la guerre    et la deshonneur; nous avons choisi la    deshonneur mais, quand même, nous   aurais la guerre." "Today they ring their bells; tomorrow they will wring their hands" — Robert Walpole [Page two:] more than 50% of Germans, etc. He returned home jubilent and obtaining the consent of the French, forced the acquiescence from Czechoslovakia. A meeting had been arranged a week later, but in the meantime the German press and radio were in- creasing their demands; the British Prime Minister flew back a week later to Germany; it was no great surprise to those who knew the nazi method to find that during the week the price had gone up. Fresh demands were made upon Chamberlain and even he —as he later said— "bitterly reproached the Chancellor." The armies were mobilized in nearly every country in Europe. In Switzerland we had a black out; the bridges to all frontiers were mined and the tank traps prepared and the British fleet was mobilized. Clinging to the hope of peace by negotiation, Chamberlain asked Mussolini to inter- vene and a few hours before the German general mo- bilization was to take place, it was agreed that Mussolini, Hitler, Chamberlain and Daladier would meet in Munich. The 1st of October had been fixed for the German advance in Czechoslovakia. On the night of the 29th, the four Powers came to an agreement. The Czechs withdrew to the line agreed upon; Chamberlain on his return to London waved a paper into the air and announced that he had, like Beaconsfield come back from Germany "carrying peace with honour". There is something indecent in this. "Peace for our time" he said, but that remains to be seen. The peoples of the world have accepted the peace with a great sigh of relief and Chamberlain's reception in London, as Daladier's in Paris and Mussolini's in Rome were those for a great hero; here and there a voice of warning was raised: Duff Cooper, who was First Lord of the Admiralty resigned; no Minister resigned in Paris.

Transcription: The Sudeten's claims advanced week by week and we had in Europe a period of such tense emotion and fear under the threat of a world war as people have rarely experienced. Germany concentrated mechanized troops on the Czech frontier. The Czechs had one of the best armies in the world and was probably the best equipped. Nuremberg came and the speech of hysterical violence from Hitler. The French called half a million men to the colours.* One night at the dinner for the British Commonwealth of Nations Delegates - at which by the way de Valera attended for the first time and drank the toast to His Majesty - it was announced that Chamberlain would the following day fly to Germany to see Hitler. Tremendous  enthusiasm. I sat by Andrews, the South-African Delegate and remarked that I supposed he would sell Czechoslovakia; I, no more than others, doubted the man's sincerity, but I doubted his judgement, his knowledge of the nazi. Hitler received Chamberlain in Berchtesgaden and agreed to the cession of all Sudeten land where there was * The British F.O. issued a belated announcement indicating that France & Britain & even Russia would stand side by side

Transcription: October 8th 1938   France and Britain have retired behind their Chinese wall in Europe - the Maginot Line -  and abandoned the rest of the Continent to Germany. I do not think this is an exaggerated view of what has happened during the past month: even a few weeks ago France still had allies in  Europe and an actual and potential strength: to-day she has none.   De Valera as President of the Assembly, on the 30th of September said that Europe had come to the brink of the abyss and had shrunk back appalled by what they saw.   Since May, when the Anglo-French intervention checked the German threat to Czechoslovakia, Hitler has been preparing; towards the end of August, 1 million and 1/2 men were under arms in Germany and for months a violent blast of propaganda was emitted daily by Goebbels, magnificent propaganda machine: Britain and France, uneasy, looked on. Heinlein claimed complete autonomy within the Czech State and even the right to  decide on foreign policy in respect of the Franco- Russian alliances. The Czechs had negotiated and drawn up various schemes to meet Sudeten claims, but early in September, it was apparent that the Sudeten's case - and of course they had one, though not as much as the Germans in Poland and the Germans in Italy - was being used as a pretext. Czechoslovakia must be destroyed. Britain and France began to stiffen. I came back from my holidays saying there would be no war because I believed that France and England had at last reached the point where they would have to stand. The Czechs on the whole remained cool and remarkably restrained.

Transcription: [Page one:]       The Foreign Minister of Iran, wavy dark hair, square face, professorish: behind him Sefahbodi, Amb. at Paris  now   Ond Politis, who looks old compared with a couple of years ago. the most brilliant draftsman in Geneva; dapper, incisive and clear & a very useful delegate.   Bourquin, and the Professor of Internatl Law, represents Belgium, and Unden, who inspires confidence as a man of integrity & honour sits beside the "Man about Paris" Costa du Rels.   Wellington Koo is China's best diplomat, fighting for something to help after 18 months' Japanese aggression. Reasonable & gets the maximum possible today  [Page two:]       Walters, Sokoline, Maiski (USSR) Basdevant (Fr.) Feldman (Lat), Wilson, Vigier, & Hoden, follow with somewhat disillusionist ears, the discussion at the table.   For a time it takes one's  mind of the drama of Europe, moving rapidly outside, to listen to China's woes and watch the  turning out of phrases.

Description: Ratne bojne dopisnice (Feldpost) bile su najfunkcionalnije sredstvo komuniciranja vojnika sa porodicom tokom Prvog svjetskog rata. Većinom su bile cenzurisane i na njima se nalazio pečat vojne cenzure, regimentalni pečat i pečat vojne pošte. Na velikom broju dopisnica nalazila su se sva tri pečata, međutim, nerijetko se nalazio samo jedan ili dva. Poznato je da su vojnici bili strogo kažnjavani ukoliko su svjesno pisali bilo šta što otkriva vojne tajne. Pisati su mogli samo vojnici. Sve što bi napisali davalo bi se vojnom cenzoru da to pregleda i tek kad on odobri moglo se poslati porodici. Čitajući pisma, može se uvidjeti da su ona poprilično štura, te da su dobro pazili o svemu šta je napisano, upravo iz razloga da bi izbjegli probleme sa nadređenim. Feldpost sistem Austro-ugarske Monarhije, omogućavao je vojnicima da komuniciraju sa svojim najbližima. Sačuvane razglednice i pisma pružaju lični pogled na to kako su pojedini vojnici doživljavali sukobe. || Devet bojnih dopisnica (Feldpost)

Description: Este un volum de jurnal din cele trei deţinute de Biblioteca Judeţeană Octavian Goga Cluj. || Dumitru Nistor, ţăran din satul Năsăud s-a născut în 1893. Visând din copilărie să călătorească şi să vadă ţări străine, în 1912, când vine vremea “număraşului” (recrutării) el cere să fie primit nu în miliţia ardeleană, unde erau recrutaţi de obicei românii, ci în marina austro-ungară. Terminând şcoala de marină, după o călătorie la Viena, este îmbarcat ca Geschützvormeister (“primul îndreptător de tun”) pe vasul SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, cu destinaţia Asia. Prins de război în Marea Chinei, crucişătorul Kaiserin Elisabeth participă la câteva bătălii navale, pentru ca în 2 noiembrie 1914 să se hotărască scufundarea lui. Echipajul pierde şi lupta terestră, este luat prizonier de japonezi şi transportat în arhipelagul nipon. Timp de zece luni, ţăranul-marinar din Năsăud va fi prizonier într-o mănăstirea buddhistă din Himeji, iar apoi mutat într-un lagăr, construit special pentru prizonierii germani şi austrieci, la Aonogahara, nu departe de Kobe, unde va rămâne până la sfârşitul anului 1919.

Description: Potrošačka kartica sadrži podatke o osobama koje su se prijavljivale radi raspodjele živežnih namirnica u Zagrebu tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Sadrži podatke o podnosiocu prijave (ime i prezime, adresa) te osobama koje se nalaze u kućanstvu, njihova imena, godine rođenja, odnos prema podnosiocu prijave, zanimanje i mjesto rada.

Description:

Description:

Description:

Description:

Description: