Transcription: Greiser also told Von R. that his reference to me in his speech (which he had admitted to Papee was wrong) had been founded on a statement by a third person that he had seen a letter of mine!! Such are our leading statesmen.   Mrs. Barton, "the Queen of Geneva", is dead. A grand- daughter of Sir Robert Peel, she had married an Irishman named Barton who was British Consul in Geneva until his death many years ago. She was the principal international (unofficial) hostess in Geneva, with a lovely villa on the lakeside. She spent much time in the public gallery during conferences & liked to think she could always put two & two together. She overlooked us for our first two years in Geneva until I found myself with some little position. I suppose she could not understand our lack of interest in her invitations. She was "well-preserved" (& gave that impression!) for her years - ? 70 or more.   Once we were invited to meet the King of the Hedjaz when that Arabian potentate was en passage. Elsie found it hard to submit to the idea that tea could not be served until Royalty had arrived - a French Duchess of 18th century vintage laid down, however, that it was impossible!

Transcription: of the Health Section, and I got some views on Polish inner politics. R. is a small, dark man with some Jewish blood and a man of great intelligence and sincerity. The army, he says, will more and more dominate Polish policy and the army does not trust Germany. I put it to him that Beck's German policy was not going to be reversed but that it would be halted, would be developed no further, & that a better relationship with Western Powers would be sought for. He entirely agreed. 19 20/12/35.  Von R. called. Says sequel to my visit was that Von Neurath saw both Hitler & Göring re Danzig.  Germany does not know if things will turn in a such a way as to make it desirable for her to rejoin a reformed League and, generally, there is disapproval of the policy pursued in Danzig. Forster has been asked for an immediate report.   Speaking to Von R. Forster expressed surprise at Greiser's maladroit speech!! Von R. was disgusted but could not disclose his knowledge that F. had forced G. to this policy. He (F.) seems to be preparing to sacrifice Greiser!

Transcription: complete withdrawal of all non-Spanish combattants on its side, accompanied by a request for an international commission to see that the offer was fully executed. While certain elements opposed this on the grounds that Spain was a matter for the London non-Intervention Committee and not for the League, the proposal was eventually accepted and the Commission is now in formation. Similarly the League authorised an enquiry on the spot in connection with Spain's request for technical assist- ance in providing foodstuffs for refugees. A question common to both Spain and China was as to the protection of civilian populations against bombing from the air. The Assembly decided as regards Spain to arrange with Great Britain that the reports of its committee of investigation already operative be sent to the League for publication and circulation and that, as regards other countries, the Council should consider any appropriate action through an international commission.   And now the pity of it all - - - - - to think that the big and constructive work which the League is so well equipped to do for the betterment of mankind has to be held up or crippled by war and violence in three major parts of the world! Never did the contrast between what is and what might be stand out more clearly than when one came out of one of the Committee rooms with all its hopes and promises of some- thing better for the human race and found oneself in a group of anxious and strained individuals trying to see if the latest bit of news meant the irrevocable decision of war. At times tempers were thin and emotions were expressed with violence against this indescribable folly. It must regretfully be re- corded, however, that there was rather more a tendency to run away from the disaster of war than to concentrate with redoubled energy on the organisation of peace.   Probably the most substantial and constructive work was in the broad field of economics and finance. Two reports of a dozen or so special Committees, the general memorandum of the Secretary-General on the present world economic situ- ation, the speech of Mr. Bruce as Chairman of the Coordination Committee, and the debates at the Assembly indicated that the League has built up a kind of economic international General Staff of the utmost importance. That General Staff is approach- ing its vast problem from three angles: the gathering of facts, information and statistics, the coordination of inter-govern- mental cooperation, and the development of a new international social-economic policy in fields such as nutrition and housing. Nothing comparable has ever before existed in international life; there can be no question but that today it is only at its beginning. Impulses will emanate from Geneva which are certain to have a profound effect on world life.   The Assembly went in detail into all these questions, having all the greater confidence in that States associated in its work accounted in 1937 for over 86% of world trade. As regards increasing such trade by governmental arrangements, it spoke of Mr. Hull's work "as one of the most powerful forces on the side of economic unity in the world today".. As regards more specific problems, it decided on special studies for such questions as demographic problems, agricultural credits, specifically in the Argentine and Uruguay, the provision of medium-term credits to industry, measures to combat deforest- ation and soil erosion, the fluctuation in the balance of pay- ments, principles of fiscal legislation, standards of living, etc.

Transcription: biggest lesson, perhaps, is that the world is now unmistakably and irresistibly in the international era; that a conflict in  Central Europe has brought in everyone, including the Presidents of the United States and many Latin-American countries; that the days of isolationism, particularism, and provincialism are gone; that even the most obdurate foes of the consultative method, such as Hitler and Mussolini, have had to come to it;  and that the very rawness of a settlement under ultimatum show the necessity of a better and cleaner method. Already, within the first few days, a reaction is setting in; many elements  in the big countries are becoming critical; and practically all elements in the smaller countries are frightened.   It is a tribute to the soundness and toughness of the League that even in these circumstances the regular work of the Assembly was carried through. The Committees kept up their various agendas; a large section of the worldlife of today was submitted to review and given what further stimulus was possible. This showed more dramatically than anything else possibly could that much of the League at least is grounded deep into the international life of today and is sure to build up even stronger in the future.   The most general and long-term question was, perhaps, how best organise international relations. The League took the opportunity, after recent shocks and experiences, to tidy up a bit as it were and to concentrate its organisation. On the much discussed question of sanctions many important declarations were made which, while not formally amending the Covenant, tend nevertheless to make Article 16 voluntary rather than automatic. As regards mediation and peaceful settlement, a preponderance  of opinion was in favour of a freer application of Article 11 by  not including the votes of the disputance in the assessment of unanimity. On the psychological question of the separation of the Covenant from the peace treaties, a protocol was opened for signature giving the former a wholly independent status. As regards the cooperation of non-Member States in the League's  technical and non-political work a wide resolution was adopted welcoming such cooperation in these world services and offering non-Members the opportunity of making any suggestions they may desire to make for its extension. The budget was tightened up once again, despite the good news of a surplus of over 4,500,000 Swiss francs. Detailed plans for making better known both the ideals and work of the League were also approved, including a  generous appropriation of 1,200,000 Swiss francs for partici- pation in the New York World's Fair.   Specific political questions bulked large in the  Assembly. Armed conflict in China and Spain provided an unhappy accompaniment to the major crisis in Europe. In the former, Japan having refused the invitation to the Council under Article 17, the Assembly reaffirmed that her military actions could be justified neither by law nor self-defence, stressed the obligation of all States to help China "in her heroic struggle against invasion", and, while deciding that all elements necessary for coordinated action "are not yet assured", held, nevertheless, that League Members are entitled "to adopt individually the measures provided for in Article 16". As regards Spain, the Assembly received an unexpected proposal from the Spanish Government to carry out the immediate and

Description: Ratne bojne dopisnice (Feldpost) bile su najfunkcionalnije sredstvo komuniciranja vojnika sa porodicom tokom Prvog svjetskog rata. Većinom su bile cenzurisane i na njima se nalazio pečat vojne cenzure, regimentalni pečat i pečat vojne pošte. Na velikom broju dopisnica nalazila su se sva tri pečata, međutim, nerijetko se nalazio samo jedan ili dva. Poznato je da su vojnici bili strogo kažnjavani ukoliko su svjesno pisali bilo šta što otkriva vojne tajne. Pisati su mogli samo vojnici. Sve što bi napisali davalo bi se vojnom cenzoru da to pregleda i tek kad on odobri moglo se poslati porodici. Čitajući pisma, može se uvidjeti da su ona poprilično štura, te da su dobro pazili o svemu šta je napisano, upravo iz razloga da bi izbjegli probleme sa nadređenim. Feldpost sistem Austro-ugarske Monarhije, omogućavao je vojnicima da komuniciraju sa svojim najbližima. Sačuvane razglednice i pisma pružaju lični pogled na to kako su pojedini vojnici doživljavali sukobe. || Devet bojnih dopisnica (Feldpost)

Description: Este un volum de jurnal din cele trei deţinute de Biblioteca Judeţeană Octavian Goga Cluj. || Dumitru Nistor, ţăran din satul Năsăud s-a născut în 1893. Visând din copilărie să călătorească şi să vadă ţări străine, în 1912, când vine vremea “număraşului” (recrutării) el cere să fie primit nu în miliţia ardeleană, unde erau recrutaţi de obicei românii, ci în marina austro-ungară. Terminând şcoala de marină, după o călătorie la Viena, este îmbarcat ca Geschützvormeister (“primul îndreptător de tun”) pe vasul SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, cu destinaţia Asia. Prins de război în Marea Chinei, crucişătorul Kaiserin Elisabeth participă la câteva bătălii navale, pentru ca în 2 noiembrie 1914 să se hotărască scufundarea lui. Echipajul pierde şi lupta terestră, este luat prizonier de japonezi şi transportat în arhipelagul nipon. Timp de zece luni, ţăranul-marinar din Năsăud va fi prizonier într-o mănăstirea buddhistă din Himeji, iar apoi mutat într-un lagăr, construit special pentru prizonierii germani şi austrieci, la Aonogahara, nu departe de Kobe, unde va rămâne până la sfârşitul anului 1919.

Description: Potrošačka kartica sadrži podatke o osobama koje su se prijavljivale radi raspodjele živežnih namirnica u Zagrebu tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Sadrži podatke o podnosiocu prijave (ime i prezime, adresa) te osobama koje se nalaze u kućanstvu, njihova imena, godine rođenja, odnos prema podnosiocu prijave, zanimanje i mjesto rada.

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