Transcription: - 3 - revision of the Statute, and that Germany was behind him. Mr. Greiser would appear at least to have disclosed the basis of his instructions publicly. The fact remains, of course, that the words were said.   I made an enquiry of Mr. Papée as to the conversation Mr. Lipsky had in Berlin, and he told me that it concerned measures specifically confided to Poland by the Council had been regarding the warship incident, which the opening move in this affair.   The Poles seem to be anxious and are not perhaps uninfluenced by their view that the League of Nations at the present time is weak. A distinguished and competent observor of Poland informs me that he has never seen such strong consistent pressure on the Polish Government by the press as in the present circumstances, and that while there is a tendency in official quarters to minimize the seriousness of the situation, behind that he senses a very grave anxiety. There is a feeling in in some quarters here that there may be a certain relaxation until after the Olympic Games. Perhaps that will be the case. In the meantime, however, it is clear that the Senate is determined and has already begun to make Danzig National Socialist.   Only one man of the Opposition has called on me since my return and he volunteered the opinion that the Opposition would stand fast, that they still had an actual majority and that the future depended largely upon Poland. I of course expressed no opinions of any kind. Since my return I have remained quiescent and observant. The problem has moved to a big international plane and I shall take no initiative of any kind which might affect any efforts being made in other quarters. The preventive work which I have been doing for two and a half years is now rendered impossible by the attitude of the Senate, If and when it should be necessary, in viewe of the decisions and declarations of the Senate regarding "League interference" should be sufficient to enable the situation to be considered without any specific case relating the non-observance of the Constitution, with regard to the liberty of the press, etc. the   I am resisting many proposals for interviews with the press and to broadcast, and I am allowing the Government's very provocative attitude to pass in silence in so far as I am concerned.

Transcription: - 2 - Greiser that he would not in future answer any summons to Geneva in regard to "internal matters", and that the Government would completely ignore the High Commissioner in any case of intervention regarding the Constitution.   The Senate met on Tuesday evening )7th instant). All three Opposition newspapers have now been suppressed for long periods in connection with their reports and comments on the Geneva discussions. (The documents showing the precise grounds in all these cases are not yet available.) You will recall that newspapers in such circumstances have the right to appeal to the Press Court, which must give a decision within a limited period. From a good source I am told that reference was made at the Senate meeting to the attitude of the Courts in such cases as might appear before them, and the requirement that the Courts would bear in mind the "Weltanschauung" of the Party.   In my conversation with Mr. Papée on the 9th instant he told me that he had gone by aeroplane to Warsaw the previous day and returned within a few hours, having heard that various general measures were to be taken against the Opposition, including the suppression of Parties. He received instructions and had seen President Greiser that morning (9th instant) and had again emphasised to him that Poland would take a grave view of any general measures in disaccord with the Constitution. President Greiser gave him assurances that no general measures were contemplated, that the Government would remain within the Law and its actions would be subject to the Constitution. In this connection I may recall that following President Greiser's declarations of November 27th last (see my Annual Report for 1935) Mr. Papée had made an intervention in which he had pointed out to the Senate on instructions from his Government that the High Commissioner and all his functions, including those relating to the Constitution, were regarded by Poland as an essential part of the Statute of the Free City. (I think you will find a Diary Note sent by me referring to this and dated December 17th 1935.)   Mr. Papée expressed the view that President Greiser had exceeded his instructions in Geneva. His first speech was undoubtedly prepared for him but the second was, he thought, undertaken without the pre-knowledge of Berlin. I think myself this is possible, just as his disdainful gesture to the foreign press was unforeseen. I estimated myself that President Greiser was told why he was making the first speech, i.e. that it was the first stage towards the

Transcription: [Copy in yellow file] Personal and Confidential Danzig, July 11th 1936. Dear Avenol,   I enclose herewith a note of part of my conversation with Colonel Beck, the Polish Minister for Foreign Affairs, on Sunday, 5th instant, at Geneva. I have confined it more or less to the precise point, but from the rest of the conversation, of which I also have a note, there was no doubt as to the anxiety with which Colonel Beck viewed the situation and the significance he attached to the declarations at the secret meeting of the Council the previous evening.   I saw Mr. Papée, the Polish Minister, on Thursday, the 9th instant. I recalled to him the declarations made by Mr. Beck and his statements to me personally and said that the only thing which remained in this connection was to make arrangements as to communications with him in case the final emergency should arise. I handed him a hote, of which I enclose a copy. Having read itm Mr. Papée said that in such circumstances he would of course at once communicate with his Government and he had no doubt that they would fully comply with all their obligations. As the only question which remained to be settled here was the clear understanding as to the method of communication, I withdrew my note some hours later on the understanding that arrangements were complete and that the note was therefore unecessary. The copy was retained by Mr. Papée in order to be destroyed. The fact, however, that it was on paper remains a record of the nature of the conversation.   Mr. Papée as well as Colonel Beck, appreciated that the responsibility conferred on me by the Council, and to which I drew the Council's attention a week ago, wau regarded by me as of the utmost gravity, and to be undertaken in the end if necessary only with a very heavy heart.   Mr. Papée agreed with my view that the situation would probably develop by stages: the first stage was the defiance of the League with regard to the Constitution and a demand for a revision of the Statute in that respect. This was immediately followed by a number of declarations by President

Transcription: - 2 -   In the interval between the first part of the Council meeting on Saturday, July 4th, and the second part which was held an hour or two later, I remarked to Count Lubienski, Chef de Cabinet of Colonel Beck, that after President Greiser's speech I was afraid the situation in Danzig would become impossible for the League and that although I had helped to pull together difficult situations during the past year or two I was afraid that this declaration of President Greiser left no elasticity and no room for any such attempt. He most clearly spoke on orders from Berlin and the first stage towards raising the entire Danzig question had been reached. I was afraid that in the circumstances my own mission in Danzig was ended and that I would not be able to be of much further use to the League of Nations. Count Lubienski said clearly the matter was very serious, but hoped that I had no idea of resigning. I said that would partly depend upon the Polish attitude and that in the short statement made by Mr. Beck prior to the adjournment I saw very little that was helpful. He went and discussed the matter with Colonel Beck and returned to me again, when in the presence of Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Walters I made a somewhat similar remark, adding that it seemed to me that it was now a question of whether the League could continue to exercise any function in Danzig unless there was some means of dealing with the challenge thrown down by the Senate. Count Lubienski, after a further talk with Colonel Beck, again approached me and said that in Colonel Beck's view any move on my part would be merely to play the game which was wanted by Berlin and the Senate. They (the Poles) were very much alarmed at the situation and were more than delighted that it was I who was holding the роsition in Danzig. They thought that any suggestion that I should not remain would be fatal. At his urgent request I agreed that I would not consider any step of the kind without further consultations and certainly not until I knew what position the Council would take up both with regard to the personal element and to the problem raised in a critical way by the Danzig declarations.   I may recall that even during the preceding days when it was understood that the cruiser incident would pass through the Council into the hands of the Polish Government without difficulty, I had twice informed the Poles through Count Lubienski and Mr. Beck that I was not in any way taking the German attitude to be a personal one. I was offered a great deal of personal abuse, but as the main charge was that I had carried out the Council's orders I would not allow myself to be used as a sacrifice to save anybody's face. On the two occasions when this was suggested the very idea was treated as an impossible one.

Description: Ratne bojne dopisnice (Feldpost) bile su najfunkcionalnije sredstvo komuniciranja vojnika sa porodicom tokom Prvog svjetskog rata. Većinom su bile cenzurisane i na njima se nalazio pečat vojne cenzure, regimentalni pečat i pečat vojne pošte. Na velikom broju dopisnica nalazila su se sva tri pečata, međutim, nerijetko se nalazio samo jedan ili dva. Poznato je da su vojnici bili strogo kažnjavani ukoliko su svjesno pisali bilo šta što otkriva vojne tajne. Pisati su mogli samo vojnici. Sve što bi napisali davalo bi se vojnom cenzoru da to pregleda i tek kad on odobri moglo se poslati porodici. Čitajući pisma, može se uvidjeti da su ona poprilično štura, te da su dobro pazili o svemu šta je napisano, upravo iz razloga da bi izbjegli probleme sa nadređenim. Feldpost sistem Austro-ugarske Monarhije, omogućavao je vojnicima da komuniciraju sa svojim najbližima. Sačuvane razglednice i pisma pružaju lični pogled na to kako su pojedini vojnici doživljavali sukobe. || Devet bojnih dopisnica (Feldpost)

Description: Este un volum de jurnal din cele trei deţinute de Biblioteca Judeţeană Octavian Goga Cluj. || Dumitru Nistor, ţăran din satul Năsăud s-a născut în 1893. Visând din copilărie să călătorească şi să vadă ţări străine, în 1912, când vine vremea “număraşului” (recrutării) el cere să fie primit nu în miliţia ardeleană, unde erau recrutaţi de obicei românii, ci în marina austro-ungară. Terminând şcoala de marină, după o călătorie la Viena, este îmbarcat ca Geschützvormeister (“primul îndreptător de tun”) pe vasul SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, cu destinaţia Asia. Prins de război în Marea Chinei, crucişătorul Kaiserin Elisabeth participă la câteva bătălii navale, pentru ca în 2 noiembrie 1914 să se hotărască scufundarea lui. Echipajul pierde şi lupta terestră, este luat prizonier de japonezi şi transportat în arhipelagul nipon. Timp de zece luni, ţăranul-marinar din Năsăud va fi prizonier într-o mănăstirea buddhistă din Himeji, iar apoi mutat într-un lagăr, construit special pentru prizonierii germani şi austrieci, la Aonogahara, nu departe de Kobe, unde va rămâne până la sfârşitul anului 1919.

Description: Potrošačka kartica sadrži podatke o osobama koje su se prijavljivale radi raspodjele živežnih namirnica u Zagrebu tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Sadrži podatke o podnosiocu prijave (ime i prezime, adresa) te osobama koje se nalaze u kućanstvu, njihova imena, godine rođenja, odnos prema podnosiocu prijave, zanimanje i mjesto rada.

Description:

Description:

Description:

Description:

Description: