Transcription: Palais de Justice, Lille

Transcription: Adress-Seite      Stempel:  Feld-Post 11. 3. 17. Bayer. Res. Inf. Rgt.  Abs. Inf. Frühwald b. Res. Inf. Rgt. 13. An Fräulein Gretchen Frühwald  in Wüstenfelden Post Castell Utf. Bayern.    Textseite   Schützengraben d. 9. III. 17 Liebe Schwester! Will Deinen Wunsch erfüllen und einmal öfters schreiben. Gestern hat Hans Gebirtstag gejabt, habe auch an ihn gedacht. Wollte ihn am 7. III. besuchen, war aber nicht zu Hause. An meinem Geeburts- tag bin ich auch in Stellung, will schauen ob mir die Eng- länder gratulieren, daß ich nach Deutschland ins Lazaret komme. Wär nicht schlecht.

Transcription: Adress-Seite      Stempel:  27. 11. 16 4. Bayer. Inf. Div. Feldpostadresse des Absenders: Bayer. Res. If. Rgt 5 6. Komp. Feldpost 4. Bayer. Inf. Div. Inf. Frühwald An Fräulein Gretchen Frühwald Wüstenfelden Post Castell Utf. Bayern.    Textseite   M. Ad. 5. B. Res. Inf Rgt. 6. Komp. 4. Division. Die besten Grüße aus Frankreich sendet Dir Dein Bruder Fritz. Ich habe geschaut, wie ich  angekommen bin, die  Engländer schießen Tag und Nacht, soweit ihre Geschütze gehen! Die machen ganz Frankreich kaput. Da zittert alles, wenn die 4 Ztr Minen einschlagen.

Transcription: Left page    Note   omit cuttings? "measures must be taken in the event of war with Ethiopia," but De Bono, tired of considering, openly asked the Duce to give him the command of the campaign. The Duce consented. From this moment the Duce was definitely of the opinion that this matter would have to be settled no later than 1936, and he told me as much . . . it was the autumn of 1933. The Duce had spoken to no one of the coming operations in East Africa; only he and I knew what was going to happen. From the autumn of 1933, then, Italy had decided to invade and conquer Abyssinia before 1936. From that time on nothing else mattered. It is clear that the incident at Ual Ual in no way altered or hurried the plans, and for a long time Mussolini did not decide whether or not to accept some satisfaction. The attitude of the Abyssinians made no difference except in the last few months; "no hostile action of any particular importance had yet been recorded on the part of the Ethiopians." De Bono admits that the Emperor did not want war. There was no excuse, no provocation, no reason even beyond the desire to conquer. There was nothing except a plan and a time-table which was followed, with only slight alterations, up to the last moment.  Right page     General de Bono, who was Italian commander in chief in Abyssinia for the first half of the campaign has published a book which reords in cold blood the plan of conquest whiwh took final shape in 1933.  The following extracts are from the "Manchester Guardian" review: - The Candid Conqueror On May 26, 1927, Signor Mussolini made a speech in which he announced for the first time what he would no doubt call the imperial destiny of the Italian nation. The precise, fundamental, and paramount duty of Fascist Italy is that of putting in a state of preparedness all her armed forces on land, on sea, and in the air. We must be in a position, at a certain moment, to mobilise five million men, and we must be in a position to arm them . . . We shall be in a position then---to-morrow---when, between 1935 and 1940, we shall find ourselves at a point which I should call a crucial point in European history---we shall be in a position to make our voice felt and to see, at last, our rights recognised. We know now that this was not rhetoric but the well-considered statement of a man who had already made up his mind to conquer new territory (any new territory) in the same way as others decide that, "at a certain moment," between luncheon and dinner on Saturday, they will go for a walk in the country. And, thanks to the English translation of General de Bono's book, we may now read how he determined that the year should be 1935 and the country Abyssinia. In 1927, it is clear, the victim had not yet been chosen for the sacrifice. From 1927 to 1930 the Italian Government was fully occupied  in strengthening its position in its North African colonies---Tripoli and Cyrenaica, now together called Libya. As early as 1925 Signor Mussolini had paid attention to the defences of Eritrea, but there is no reason to believe that he had then more definite plans in mind. In 1928, the year after the speech which we have quoted, the Italian and Abyssinian Governments concluded a Pact of Peace and Friendship. But there were few vacant lots for our empire-builder; the choice of sites was limited. Abyssinia might be peaceful; it might even be friendly; but it was all that was left. Italy already had deserts; it was time to acquire mountains. The new Roman Empire had been built on sand, but there were always rocks for the upper storeys.  In 1932 De Bono was sent to Eritrea "to see how matters stood there." On his return he told the Duce that everything depended on what Fascism was intending to do in East Africa and on what were its ultimate aims. To his ardent spirit it was simply a matter of connecting the Italian colonies of Eritrea and Somaliland. To "In 1932 nothing definite had as yet been settled as regards the character and method of a possible campaign against the probable enemy"---a nice description of the situation. At the end of 1932 the Duce "did not consider that we should decide then and there to take the offensive." In 1933 "we began to consider what practical

Description: Ratne bojne dopisnice (Feldpost) bile su najfunkcionalnije sredstvo komuniciranja vojnika sa porodicom tokom Prvog svjetskog rata. Većinom su bile cenzurisane i na njima se nalazio pečat vojne cenzure, regimentalni pečat i pečat vojne pošte. Na velikom broju dopisnica nalazila su se sva tri pečata, međutim, nerijetko se nalazio samo jedan ili dva. Poznato je da su vojnici bili strogo kažnjavani ukoliko su svjesno pisali bilo šta što otkriva vojne tajne. Pisati su mogli samo vojnici. Sve što bi napisali davalo bi se vojnom cenzoru da to pregleda i tek kad on odobri moglo se poslati porodici. Čitajući pisma, može se uvidjeti da su ona poprilično štura, te da su dobro pazili o svemu šta je napisano, upravo iz razloga da bi izbjegli probleme sa nadređenim. Feldpost sistem Austro-ugarske Monarhije, omogućavao je vojnicima da komuniciraju sa svojim najbližima. Sačuvane razglednice i pisma pružaju lični pogled na to kako su pojedini vojnici doživljavali sukobe. || Devet bojnih dopisnica (Feldpost)

Description: Este un volum de jurnal din cele trei deţinute de Biblioteca Judeţeană Octavian Goga Cluj. || Dumitru Nistor, ţăran din satul Năsăud s-a născut în 1893. Visând din copilărie să călătorească şi să vadă ţări străine, în 1912, când vine vremea “număraşului” (recrutării) el cere să fie primit nu în miliţia ardeleană, unde erau recrutaţi de obicei românii, ci în marina austro-ungară. Terminând şcoala de marină, după o călătorie la Viena, este îmbarcat ca Geschützvormeister (“primul îndreptător de tun”) pe vasul SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, cu destinaţia Asia. Prins de război în Marea Chinei, crucişătorul Kaiserin Elisabeth participă la câteva bătălii navale, pentru ca în 2 noiembrie 1914 să se hotărască scufundarea lui. Echipajul pierde şi lupta terestră, este luat prizonier de japonezi şi transportat în arhipelagul nipon. Timp de zece luni, ţăranul-marinar din Năsăud va fi prizonier într-o mănăstirea buddhistă din Himeji, iar apoi mutat într-un lagăr, construit special pentru prizonierii germani şi austrieci, la Aonogahara, nu departe de Kobe, unde va rămâne până la sfârşitul anului 1919.

Description: Potrošačka kartica sadrži podatke o osobama koje su se prijavljivale radi raspodjele živežnih namirnica u Zagrebu tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Sadrži podatke o podnosiocu prijave (ime i prezime, adresa) te osobama koje se nalaze u kućanstvu, njihova imena, godine rođenja, odnos prema podnosiocu prijave, zanimanje i mjesto rada.

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