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Kriegserlebnisse von Helmuth Schellenberg an der Westfront (nach Tagebuch erstellt)
Item 8
Transcription: item 8 - 2 - dort blieben wir den ganzen Tag neben der Landstrasse lie- gen. Die Offiziere erzählten allerlei: Lüttich durch Hand- streich genommen; wir (29 Div.) sind die einzigen Truppen am Ober-Rhein; die gelbe Brigade hat bei Galfingen ein güns- tiges Teilgefecht gehabt, aber doch Mühlhausen geräumt und sich bei Eichwald verschanzt; wir müssten auf alle Fälle den Rhein halten. Vom Anmarsch der 28. Div. und Deimlings wußten wir nichts; auch mit den gerüchtweisen oft bei Hünningen auf- getretenen Bayern oder gar Oesterreichern wars nichts. Meine Stielerkarte wurde von den Offizieren eifrigst studiert. Abends als ich gerade auf Posten gegen Flieger stand und schon Vor- bereitungen zum Biwak getroffen wurden, wurde doch noch auf- gebrochen; Hügelheim, links an Mühlheim vorbei nach Baden- weiler; mein rechter Absatz brannte zur Verzweiflung. Quar- tier in der Dachkammer eines Hotels; da ein Sofa ungeeignet war, schlief ich mit andern im Bett, dem letzten für lange. Am Morgen schnelles Antreten, dann gabs aber noch langes Herumstehen, wobei man von allen Seiten Kaffee und wieder Kaffee bekam, wovon der Soldat auch viel verträgt. Marsch nach Mühlheim und weiter nach Neuenburg botanischen Angedenkens. An der Rheinbrücke schaut uns der Großherzog an. Drüben kommen wir durch die Schützengräben. Jn Banzen- heim wie schon in Neuenburg gibt es viel Wasser in Kübeln und Eimer. Man schwitzt aber auch in der Marschkolonne un- heimlich und das ganze Gebäck (beim Ausmarsch wogen: Torni- ster 30 Pfund, Koppelriemen 20 Pfund, Gewehr 8 Pfund. Im Laufe des Krieges kamen noch Decken und Gasmasken dazu.) drückt unleidlich; dass die Kolonne oft, aber immer kurz hält, machts auch nicht besser. Schon liegen einige schlapp am Weg, zu unserm Stolz von unserer Kompagnie die wenigsten. Endlich biegen wir (schon jenseits des Kanals) auf einen Sei- tenholzweg ein. Jch bin froh, dass ich meine Stiefel los- werde; mit etlichen vom Stabsarzt aufgeschnittenen Blasen schlupfe ich in die Schnürschuhe; man fühlt sich nur ohne die Rohre und mit den beiderseits zum Tornister herausschauenden Sohlen etwas weniger soldatisch. Nach der Mittagsrast geht es weiter, wie man glaubt, gleich ins Gefecht gegen Mühlhausen; doch es kommt nur ein langes Herumliegen und Stellungswech- seln im Wald, doch hört man den Kampf, immer französisches Salvenfeuer. Die schweren 14er, die eine zeitlang neben uns feuerten, fahren vergnügt vor, da die feindlichen Geschütze abgefahren seien. Doch kommt schon in der Dämmerung ein ver- sprengter 169er, der vor Angst den Kopf verloren hat und ver- kündet, das ganze Regiment 169 sei gefallen. Trotzdem schlie- fen die meisten von uns in der Nacht ein, obwohl wir mit Bay- onett, Armbinde, Parole (feste druff) längs einem Weg im Wald lagen und nicht wussten, ob wir die Franzosen oder sie uns angreifen würden. Jch lag eine Zeitlang auf Seitenposten. Kurz vor Tagesanbruch gings auf Umwegen zum Wald hinaus, wo wir zum ersten Mal in den Dörfern brennen sahen. Wir legten uns zuerst in ein Wäldchen, wo wir uns gleich eingruben, dann in eine Kiesgrube; von da aus gingen wir in Schützenlinien, wellenweise gegen den Mühlhauser Rebberg vor, wohin auch un- sere Artillerie schoss; da aber die Franzosen offenbar nicht mehr da waren, sammelten wir uns auf der Strasse zwischen
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Kriegserlebnisse von Helmuth Schellenberg an der Westfront (nach Tagebuch erstellt)
Item 7
Transcription: item 7 K r i e g s e r l e b n i s s e - Helmuth Schellenberg Der Anfang geschrieben September & Oktober 1914 Am Donnerstag den 6. August marschierten wir end- lich von Freiburg ab, wo ich seit 1. April 1914 Einjährig = Freiwilliger bei der 6. Kompagnie Jnf.Regiments 113 war, nach- dem wir lange über den Zeitpunkt unseres Abmarsches im Un- klaren gewesen waren. Als wir am Siegesdenkmal auf das III. Bataillon warteten, (das I. war mindestens schon teilweise schon voraus,) sammelte sich trotz der frühen Stunde (5 - 6 Uhr) bald eine ziemliche Menschenmenge, wir bekamen viele Blumen und Obst; doch setzte gleich hier der Kampf der Offiziere gegen zuviel Obstessen ein. Mit Gesang (Wacht am Rhein, O Deutschland hoch in Ehren, so leb´ denn wohl,) gings über die Kaiserstrasse und die Baslerstrasse hinaus. Man zog doch durch die Dörfer, wenn einem die Bewohner so aufmerksam an- schauten. Es begegneten uns lange Reihen an Leiterwagen,die fürs Militär in Freiburg gekauft werden sollten, alle aus dem obersten Elsass (Pfirt), wo demnach die Franzosen noch nicht waren. Bald hieß es, Krozingen sei unser heutiges Marschziel. Tatsächlich zweigten von dort ab die Kompagnieen nach den Dörfern ab; wir kamen mit andern nach Heitersheim. Bei mir stellte sich heraus, dass meine Stiefel am Absatz zu weit waren, sie brannten stark, glücklicherweise ohne dauern- de Folgen. Meine 1. Korporalschaft kam auf Wache, ich mit et- wa 2 andern zur Aussenwache an die Landstrasse. Wir richte- ten im Hof eines Hauses, anfangs etwas zum Entsetzen der bei- den im Hause wohnenden Frauensleute, ein fröhliches Lager- leben ein. Hauptkerl war ein Elsäßer Res.Gfr.Stucker, mein Gruppenführer. Es wurde eine Feuer unterhalten, darum herum Stroh ausgebreitet, unser Zeug getrocknet, Pflaumen gegessen, oft - obwohl wir auch von der Feldküche Essen bekamen - Kaf- fee und Kakao gekocht, dazu fleißig gegenüber im Grasgarten das Schlachtvieh des Proviantamtes 29 Div. gemolken. Der Dop- pelposten an der Brücke hatten Automobile, Räder und nicht landwirtschaftliche Wagen auf Erlaubnisscheine anzuhalten; gleichzeitig wurde mit meinem Glas nach Fliegern ausgeschaut. Es flogen nur Deutsche; einer wurde unglücklicherweise von den Landwehrposten an der Bahn beschossen:"Man kann nie wissen, ob die Franzosen nicht unser Zeichen nachmachten!" Am Mittag des 7. wurden wir abgelöst und hatten Schwierigkeiten unterzukommen, da das ganze Dorf vollsteckte (5., 6. MGK, dazu 30er aus Rastatt.) Schließlich kamen wir im alten Schulhaus unter, etwas entfernt von unserer Kompa- gnie. Nachmittags half alles in der Ernte; es war schwer, ohne Wein fortzukommen. Am nächsten Morgen wurden wir noch gerade durch unsere Zimmerkameraden (16 Telegrafisten ge- weckt; kamen doch noch etwas zu spät zum Appell (5 km. an der Landstrasse.) Der Marsch des Bataillons ging mit Sam- melaufenthalt in Seefelden noch ein Stück darüber hinaus;
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Diary 8: May - December 1940
Item 27
Transcription: G E N E V A, June 12th, 1940. My dear Arthur, Your letter of the 4th has arrived this moment. I had the intention a few days ago of writing to you and now take your letter as a spur. First our old friend Frank, has gone. On Saturday morning the 25th of May at 7.45 a.m. he called on me while I was having my coffee in bed to tell me that he had decided to go and at once. The matter had been discussed a fortnight before that, by him and Avenol and Avenol had written an agreed letter to Halifax saying that Frank was needed here. When he came to see me it was clear the matter had gone beyond discussion, but I felt it sufficiently to say I had spent the early part of my life working for what then seemed a lost cause and perhaps I was fated to spend my later years following another, but, for the present at any rate, I was convinced my place lay here and I would stay while that conviction remained, if our Old Man did not make it impossible. Three days later Frank had left and his furniture had been removed to the League. The family had already gone a fortnight before to Hendaye. You had left before our most hectic days which were the 14th to the 18th of May when suddenly Switzerland felt under a very immediate threat of invasion. The invasion was expected literally from moment to moment during the nights of the 15th and 16th. You can guess there was furor and rapid measures taken all over Switzerland and in these we had our part. Unfortunately, as you may remember, it had not been allowed that preliminary arrangements should be made while there was a certain amount of tranquility. The result was that a plan had to be drawn up within literally a few hours. I had no time to feel any personal concern but I shall never forget that week. If you remind me some time, I shall give you a few thumb-nail sketches. To go back to Frank, he reached Bordeaux probably a week ago to try to get a ship for England leaving the family at Hendaye, but I have no news since: he hopes to get work in the F.O., but a letter written from the F.O. several days after his departure from Geneva to Avenol said that they believed his place for the time being was here. Avenol is of course wild about it and hardly prepared to make sufficient allowance for the emotional call of work at home. You will probably have a letter from Frank as soon as this reaches you, telling you what he thought. Arthur SWEETSER, Es 8 West 40th Street NEW YORK (U.S.A.)
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Diary 8: May - December 1940
Item 26
Transcription: P1/8 (4) From Arthur Sweetser, USA recvd 12/6 by Clipper Dear Sean: Thanks for your cable ["Go Slow" cable] just come; I hope you will let me know whenever anything developes that I can do on this side. My one great desire is to be of some small utility in this grim moment. I've just written a long letter to Loveday on a question he and I discussed before I left and want to send you a copy both because you are deeply interested and because there is always a chance of a letter getting lost. Undoubtedly you have discussed the matter between you already; there are one or two further things I would like to add. First, what is said for Loveday's work goes also for the other technical and non-political. If we could work out something like this for the economic and financial, I am sure we could also do so for the health, particularly as there is a branch of the Rockefeller Institute at Princeton, and for the opium . . . possibly others. There is not however, much use in going into that unless and until the underlying question of principle is established. From inquiries so far, however, I feel convinced that, if worse comes to worst, the possibility you and I once discussed of a split of the political to one country and the technical here can be worked out so far as this end is concerned. I need not stress again in this letter to you the importance such a transfer would have for the future. It would open the most interesting possibilities and personalize this work to a degree otherwise impossible. Even apart from all other considerations, if we see the future in a large and long view, this alone would justify a bold and, after all, a temporary step.Certainly we will need more than ever to widen out and seek new support and friends . . and this gives an exceptional opportunity. I feel most strongly that, entirely apart from any technical reasons, there are other and more compelling reasons which would make the gamble very much worth while. Everything is now fluid; all of us need movement and fresh air; I'm sure this would be invaluable in opening a new chapter both for us and for our friends who only ask to help. We'll always come back to our moorings . . I'd like to write you a book about general tendencies here. Perhaps the quickest way of saying it, however, is to say that I am both astonished and deeply gratified at the swing of opinion. I always told you our people were emotional and highstrung, that they could be swept by a prairie-fire, but that is happening even more rapidly than I anticipated. The clippings enclosed are typical; the country is both roused and alarmed. It is very different from the last war in the sense that the reactions then were general and impersonal; today they are specific and extremely national. It is not only a question of theory or idealism; it is a very direct national interest. We are infinitely more a part of the world now than then; we feel oursleves touched in a hundred different ways and in a score of different places. If things continue abroad on the present line, I would not want to try to predict where American policy will go . . . I can't tell you how many times a day my thoughts turn to old friends in Geneva . . and you would be gratified to know how many questions are put to me by friends here. Gerig gave a very nice reception for us at the League pavilion, which, incidentally, is functioning finely, with 8000 visitors last Sunday alone . . and all sorts of old associates turned up. There is a loyalty here which will some day come into its own . . . All best luck to you, Sean, and if you get a chance, do drop me a line as to things in Geneva; I el at the other end of the world, with reams of misinformation: Signed A. S. une 4, 1940
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Ratne bojne dopisnice - Feldpost iz Prvog svjetskog rata
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Description: Ratne bojne dopisnice (Feldpost) bile su najfunkcionalnije sredstvo komuniciranja vojnika sa porodicom tokom Prvog svjetskog rata. Većinom su bile cenzurisane i na njima se nalazio pečat vojne cenzure, regimentalni pečat i pečat vojne pošte. Na velikom broju dopisnica nalazila su se sva tri pečata, međutim, nerijetko se nalazio samo jedan ili dva. Poznato je da su vojnici bili strogo kažnjavani ukoliko su svjesno pisali bilo šta što otkriva vojne tajne. Pisati su mogli samo vojnici. Sve što bi napisali davalo bi se vojnom cenzoru da to pregleda i tek kad on odobri moglo se poslati porodici. Čitajući pisma, može se uvidjeti da su ona poprilično štura, te da su dobro pazili o svemu šta je napisano, upravo iz razloga da bi izbjegli probleme sa nadređenim. Feldpost sistem Austro-ugarske Monarhije, omogućavao je vojnicima da komuniciraju sa svojim najbližima. Sačuvane razglednice i pisma pružaju lični pogled na to kako su pojedini vojnici doživljavali sukobe. || Devet bojnih dopisnica (Feldpost)
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Dumitru Nistor prizonier de război în Japonia
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Description: Este un volum de jurnal din cele trei deţinute de Biblioteca Judeţeană Octavian Goga Cluj. || Dumitru Nistor, ţăran din satul Năsăud s-a născut în 1893. Visând din copilărie să călătorească şi să vadă ţări străine, în 1912, când vine vremea “număraşului” (recrutării) el cere să fie primit nu în miliţia ardeleană, unde erau recrutaţi de obicei românii, ci în marina austro-ungară. Terminând şcoala de marină, după o călătorie la Viena, este îmbarcat ca Geschützvormeister (“primul îndreptător de tun”) pe vasul SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth, cu destinaţia Asia. Prins de război în Marea Chinei, crucişătorul Kaiserin Elisabeth participă la câteva bătălii navale, pentru ca în 2 noiembrie 1914 să se hotărască scufundarea lui. Echipajul pierde şi lupta terestră, este luat prizonier de japonezi şi transportat în arhipelagul nipon. Timp de zece luni, ţăranul-marinar din Năsăud va fi prizonier într-o mănăstirea buddhistă din Himeji, iar apoi mutat într-un lagăr, construit special pentru prizonierii germani şi austrieci, la Aonogahara, nu departe de Kobe, unde va rămâne până la sfârşitul anului 1919.
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Potrošačka kartica prezime Škreblin
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Description: Potrošačka kartica sadrži podatke o osobama koje su se prijavljivale radi raspodjele živežnih namirnica u Zagrebu tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Sadrži podatke o podnosiocu prijave (ime i prezime, adresa) te osobama koje se nalaze u kućanstvu, njihova imena, godine rođenja, odnos prema podnosiocu prijave, zanimanje i mjesto rada.
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